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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 21(1): 94-107, ene. 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372487

ABSTRACT

Basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) is a medicinal species used in several areas, such as food, medicines and cosmetics, and the understanding of its physiological behavior under environmental conditions is of paramount importance for the improvement of cultivation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different water availability under physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics, in three distinct genotypes: 'Alfavaca basilicão', 'Gennaro de menta' and 'Grecco à palla', during two different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive). It was found that the water deficit promotes physiological changes to tolerate water stress, and the studied genotypes have different routes to achieve this physiological tolerance, which culminates in a distinct accumulation of metabolites in plants, and can be considered interesting if the final product is the production of essential oils.


La albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) es una planta medicinal utilizada en varias áreas: alimenticia, medicinal e industria cosmética; es de suma importancia el entendimiento de su comportamiento fisiológico bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales con el fin de mejorar los procesos del cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes disponibilidades hídricas en las características fisiológicas, bioquímicas y metabólicas en tres genotipos de albahaca: "Alfavaca basilicão", "Gennaro de menta" y "Grecco à palla" durante dos etapas fenológicas (vegetativa y reproductiva). Fue encontrado que el déficit hídrico promueve cambios fisiológicos con el fin de tolerar el estrés hídrico. Los genotipos estudiados presentaron diferentes rutas para alcanzar esta tolerancia fisiológica, la cual culmina con distintas acumulaciones de metabolitos en las plantas, y puede ser considerado interesante si el producto final es la producción de aceites esenciales.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Oils, Volatile/metabolism , Ocimum basilicum/metabolism , Plants, Medicinal/physiology , Water/metabolism , Ocimum basilicum/physiology , Soil Moisture
2.
NOVA publ. cient ; 17(32): 109-129, jul.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056793

ABSTRACT

Resumen Una hormona vegetal o fitohormona es un compuesto producido internamente por una planta, que ejerce su función en muy bajas concentraciones y cuyo principal efecto se produce a nivel celular, cambiando los patrones de crecimiento de los vegetales y permitiendo su control. Los reguladores vegetales son compuestos sintetizados químicamente u obtenidos de otros organismos y son, en general, mucho más potentes que los análogos naturales. Es necesario tener en cuenta aspectos críticos como oportunidad de aplicación, dosis, sensibilidad de la variedad, condición de la planta, etc., ya que cada planta requerirá de unas condiciones específicas de crecimiento que pueden afectarse por la concentración de ellos en el medio. Los reguladores vegetales son productos sintéticos que se han convertido en las primeras herramientas capaces de controlar el crecimiento y actividad bioquímica de las plantas por lo que su uso ha aumentado en los últimos años. Esta revisión busca hacer una recopilación bibliográfica de los primeros acontecimientos de la aplicación de los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal. Se presentan las principales características fisiológicas que pueden desarrollar la aplicación de estos sobre el crecimiento vegetal a nivel celular y su repercusión a nivel fenotípico; además, se describen las principales fitohormonas más conocidas en la aplicación biotecnológica. Entre ellas se encuentran auxinas, giberelinas, citoquininas, ácido abscísico, ácido salicílico, poliaminas, jasmonatos y derivados, brasinoesteroides, etileno y estrigolactonas. Se detallan las principales funciones a nivel del metabolismo vegetal y sus posibles interacciones intra e intercelular.


Abstract A vegetal hormone or phytohormone is a compound produced inside by a plant, that work in low concentrations and whose mainly effect occurs at the cellular level, changing the patterns of grow in vegetal organism and allow their control. The plant grows regulators are synthetic chemical compounds that can be obtained by the organism different to the plants and are more stronger that natural analogues, is necessary have in consideration different aspects like application opportunity, concentration, sensibility, plant condition, it's because every plant requires specific conditions of grow that can be affected by phytohormonal concentration in the soil or medium. The vegetal regulators are synthetic products that it has been converted in the mainly tool available to control the growing and biochemical activity of the plant and for that reason their use are increased in the last years. This review makes a bibliography compilation of the first events in the beginning of vegetal plant regulators application and presents the mainly physiologic characteristics that can be developed by application of vegetal hormones and their action in cellular and phenotypic response, furthermore we explain some of the mechanisms of action of the mainly ten phytohormones more knowledge in the biotechnological application: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, polyamines, jasmonates and derived compounds, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and strigolactones. We describe their mainly functions to vegetal metabolism and their possible interactions intracellular and extracellular.


Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators , Biochemistry , Crop Production , Plant Shoots , Plant Development , Growth
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; abr. 2015. 187 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834170

ABSTRACT

A produção de banana no Vale do Ribeira, em São Paulo, está inserida numa região que abriga um fragmento remanescente da Mata Atlântica, considerada um dos principais repositórios de biodiversidade e a floresta mais devastada entre os biomas brasileiros. Medidas sustentáveis, como a adoção de práticas agrícolas alternativas, tem sido o caminho para a conservação da fauna e flora, como também para a redução do uso inapropriado de terras que consequentemente pode aumentar o índice de doenças que atacam as plantas. Apesar, do razoável conhecimento científico sobre a fisiologia pós-colheita da banana, ainda não foram elucidadas quais são as respostas fisiológicas do fruto diante das alterações do meio ambiente decorrentes das práticas agroecológicas. Principalmente quais são os mecanismos de ação de compostos específicos, relacionados com a resistência da planta contra os estresses bióticos e abióticos. Também, não há uma abordagem analítica integrada que identifique os reguladores das vias metabólicas e possibilite um estudo holístico a nível molecular. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da proximidade da biodiversidade nativa da Mata Atlântica sobre o perfil de metabólitos da banana (Musa acuminata AAA, Cavendish, cv. Nanicão). Foram comparados os frutos da parcela Biodiversidade, o qual apresenta 60% de seu perímetro limítrofe à floresta com a parcela Controle, inserida em uma área de produção de banana convencional. Neste estudo, foram determinados os perfis de etileno, vida verde, amido, açúcares, textura, cor, metabólitos semi-voláteis e não-voláteis e poliaminas. Como resultado, ambas as parcelas avaliadas apresentaram diferenças significativas no metabolismo primário e secundário, nos frutos verdes e maduros, respectivamente. Os metabólitos com diferença significativa entre as parcelas experimentais apresentaram maior envolvimento no metabolismo primário, sobretudo na via de biossíntese de aminoácidos, compostos precursores de uma ampla faixa de metabólitos secundários. As alterações quanto à abundância destes compostos são uma referência de que as mudanças do meio modificam as respostas da planta a estresses e estímulos


Banana production in the Ribeira Valley, in São Paulo, is set in a region that embraces a remaining fragment of the Atlantic Coastal Forest (Mata Atlântica), considered one of the main biodiversity repositories and the most devastated forest among the Brazilians´ biomes. Sustainable measures such as the adoption of alternative farming practices has been the way for the conservation of fauna and flora, but also to reduce the inappropriate use of land which in turn may increase the disease index that attack plants. Although, reasonable scientific knowledge about banana postharvest physiology is available, the fruit´s physiologic response given the environment changes as a result agroecological practices has not been elucidated yet. Primarily what are the mechanisms of action of specific compounds, related to plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, there is not an integrated analytical approach to identify regulators of metabolic pathways and enable a holistic study at the molecular level. In this study, we evaluated the effect of proximity to the native biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest on the banana metabolites profile (Musa acuminata AAA, Cavendish, cv. Nanicão). The fruits of Biodiversity group were compared, which has 60% of its perimeter adjacent to the forest with the Control group set in a conventional banana production area. In this study, we determined the ethylene profiles, green life, starch, sugars, texture, colour, semi- volatile and non- volatile metabolites and polyamines. As a result, both evaluated groups showed significant differences in primary and secondary metabolism, green and ripen fruits respectively. The metabolites with significant differences between treatments showed greater involvement in primary metabolism, especially in amino acid biosynthesis, precursors of secondary metabolites. Changes in the abundance of these compounds are indicators that alterations in the environment modify the plant responses to stresses and stimuli


Subject(s)
Crop Production , Musa/metabolism , Biodiversity , Metabolism , Biochemistry , Crops, Agricultural/classification , Musa/physiology , Metabolome/physiology , Crop Protection/classification , Food
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